Understanding Dyslexia

Understanding Learning Differences – Feller School

Understanding Learning Differences

Everything parents need to know about these learning differences — and what can actually be done about them.

0% of people with dyslexia go undiagnosed through their school years
1 in 0 children have dyslexia — the most common learning difference in the U.S.
0% of entrepreneurs identify as dyslexic — nearly double the general population rate
0%+ of NASA employees are dyslexic — the agency actively recruits for the strengths it brings
Students at Feller School
What the Science Says

These Are Brain Differences — Not Intelligence Differences

Dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia are neurological differences in how the brain processes language, numbers, and written expression. They have nothing to do with intelligence, vision problems, or lack of effort.

Many people with these learning differences are exceptionally bright, creative thinkers. The disconnect isn't in their intelligence — it's in how traditional schooling delivers information.

With the right instruction, these students can and do thrive. The brain is remarkably adaptable — research consistently shows that structured, systematic teaching builds new neural pathways and transforms struggling readers into confident ones.

The Brain Is Malleable

Structured practice builds new reading and math pathways — at any age.

Early Identification Matters

Children identified early close the gap significantly faster than those who aren't.

It Runs in Families

If you struggled with reading or math in school, your child may too — genetics play a major role.

They Often Overlap

Many students have more than one of these differences at the same time — identifying all of them leads to better support.

Dyslexia

A language-based learning difference affecting how the brain processes the sounds in spoken and written language — making reading, spelling, and writing more difficult, despite normal intelligence and adequate instruction.

Signs in Young Children (K–2)
Difficulty rhyming or recognizing words that sound alike
Trouble learning the alphabet, letter names, or their sounds
Slow, halting reading — sounding out the same word repeatedly
Confusing similar letters: b/d, p/q, was/saw
Inconsistent spelling — the same word spelled differently each time
Avoids reading aloud — guesses from pictures instead of decoding
Signs in Older Students (3rd Grade+)
Reading far below grade level despite extra help or tutoring
Slow, labored reading that takes enormous effort and energy
Written work is sparse — ideas are rich but writing is minimal
Avoids writing assignments and reading for pleasure
Low self-esteem around school — believes they are "dumb"
Strong verbal skills but large gap between listening and reading comprehension
Myths vs. Facts
Myth

Dyslexia means seeing letters backwards.

Fact

Dyslexia is a language processing difference, not a vision problem. Letter reversals are common in young kids regardless of dyslexia.

Myth

Children will grow out of it if you give them more time.

Fact

Dyslexia doesn't go away on its own — but with the right instruction, students make dramatic, lasting progress.

Myth

Dyslexia means low intelligence.

Fact

Dyslexia affects people across all intelligence levels. Many people with dyslexia have above-average IQs and exceptional creative abilities.

Some Familiar Names with Dyslexia
Richard BransonSteve JobsTom CruiseWhoopi GoldbergJennifer AnistonKeira KnightleyAnthony HopkinsTom HollandOrlando BloomKeanu ReevesSalma HayekOctavia SpencerZoe SaldañaChris RockCherMuhammad AliMichael PhelpsLewis HamiltonMagic JohnsonDaymond JohnBarbara CorcoranKevin O'LearyCharles SchwabTommy HilfigerSteven SpielbergAlbert EinsteinThomas EdisonLeonardo da VinciWalt DisneyPablo PicassoAndy WarholAnsel AdamsGeorge WashingtonWinston ChurchillAndrew JacksonJohn LennonHenry FordIngvar Kamprad (IKEA)William Hewlett (HP)Agatha ChristieRobin Williams

Dyslexia is not a barrier to success. It's a different way of processing the world — and with the right tools and instruction, these students don't just catch up. They often surpass.

Dyscalculia

A specific learning difference that affects how the brain processes numbers and mathematical concepts — making arithmetic, understanding quantity, and math reasoning persistently difficult, regardless of intelligence or instruction quality.

Early Signs (Elementary)
Trouble counting objects or understanding that numbers represent quantity
Difficulty memorizing basic math facts even with extensive practice
Struggles with place value, carrying, or borrowing
Confusing math symbols: +, –, ×, ÷
Difficulty telling time on an analog clock or understanding elapsed time
Strong in reading or language — but math feels impossible
Signs in Older Students & Adults
Difficulty making change or estimating costs when shopping
Struggles with multi-step directions or sequences
Math anxiety — avoidance, shutting down, or intense self-criticism
Difficulty reading charts, graphs, or understanding statistics
Trouble with directions, maps, or spatial reasoning
Takes much longer than peers to complete math — even simple problems
Myths vs. Facts
Myth

They just need to practice more math facts.

Fact

Drilling doesn't fix dyscalculia. Students need instruction that builds number sense from the ground up using concrete, visual methods.

Myth

Dyscalculia is just being "bad at math."

Fact

Dyscalculia is a neurological difference — not laziness. Brain scans show different activation patterns when processing numbers.

Myth

It's much rarer than dyslexia.

Fact

Dyscalculia affects roughly 5–7% of school-age children — nearly as common as dyslexia, but far less talked about or diagnosed.

Notable People with Dyscalculia
CherHenry WinklerRobbie WilliamsMary Tyler MooreLarry Mullen Jr. (U2)Florence WelchMeera SyalMick HucknallHans Christian AndersenBenjamin Franklin

With systematic, concrete instruction — like the Math-U-See approach used at Feller School — students with dyscalculia build genuine understanding, not just memorized procedures. Math becomes something they can reason through.

Dysgraphia

A specific learning difference that affects written expression — including handwriting, spelling, and the physical act of putting thoughts on paper. Students with dysgraphia often have rich ideas and strong verbal skills, but struggle to express them in writing.

Signs in Younger Children
Difficulty holding a pencil or pen — unusual grip, hand fatigue
Handwriting that is illegible, inconsistent in size, or drifts off the line
Mixing uppercase and lowercase letters within a word
Slow, labored writing that doesn't match their verbal fluency
Omitting words or letters mid-sentence — loses track while writing
Avoids writing tasks — reluctance, meltdowns, or shutting down
Signs in Older Students
Written work is far below what they can express verbally
Difficulty organizing thoughts on paper even when ideas are strong
Takes much longer than classmates to complete written assignments
Inconsistent spelling — same word spelled differently in one paragraph
Visible physical discomfort or pain when writing for extended periods
Strong test scores when verbal, poor when written responses are required
Myths vs. Facts
Myth

They're just lazy or not trying hard enough.

Fact

Writing requires enormous cognitive effort for students with dysgraphia. What looks effortless to others can be exhausting and painful for them.

Myth

Just giving them a keyboard solves the problem.

Fact

While technology helps, systematic handwriting instruction — like cursive — builds neural pathways that improve writing for many students.

Myth

Dysgraphia only affects handwriting neatness.

Fact

Dysgraphia affects the entire writing process — organizing thoughts, spelling, grammar, and the physical act of writing all at once.

Notable People with Dysgraphia
Henry WinklerCherDaniel RadcliffeJoaquin ConsuelosOakley RobbinsAgatha ChristieAlbert EinsteinThomas EdisonLeonardo da VinciGeorge WashingtonLewis Carroll

At Feller School, we use the Rhythm of Handwriting method and Logic of English® to teach writing as a systematic, learnable skill. Students who once hated writing often discover they have a lot to say.

Feller School students
What We Do Differently

Feller School Was Built for These Kids

Every program, every teacher, and every minute of every school day is designed around how students with dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia actually learn.

Logic of English® Curriculum

We teach the 75 phonograms and 31 spelling rules governing 98% of English words — so students decode any word, not just ones they've memorized.

Math-U-See for Dyscalculia

Concrete, visual, multi-sensory math instruction that builds real number sense — not rote memorization that falls apart under pressure.

Rhythm of Handwriting

Systematic cursive instruction that builds the motor memory and neural connections supporting both writing and reading — for students with dysgraphia and beyond.

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Students at Feller School
What Changes With the Right Support

The Same Child. A Completely Different Story.

The kids who walk through Feller School's doors are often exhausted. They've spent years working twice as hard as everyone else, convinced they're the problem — when the method was always the problem.

What changes isn't the child. Their intelligence was never in question. What changes is the instruction — and with the right instruction, everything else follows. Confidence. Reading fluency. A willingness to try again.

That's what we're here to do.

You Are Not Alone

1 in 5 Families Are Walking This Same Path

Dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia run in families. If you struggled with reading or math in school, there's a real chance your child is facing the same challenges — and that the school system is missing it, just like it missed it for you.

Identifying it early is the single most powerful thing you can do. Students who get the right intervention before third grade close the gap dramatically faster than those who wait.

Student success
Feller School classroom
Not Sure Where to Start?

Take Our Free Dyslexia Screener

Our free online screener takes about 5 minutes and gives you a clearer picture of whether your child is showing signs of dyslexia. It's not a diagnosis — but it's a powerful first step toward getting the right answers.

Take the Free Screener →